The following is a roundup of three recently published medical studies that provide new insights into orthopedic procedures and patient outcomes:

Graft Size Linked to Antibody Development After Osteochondral Allograft of Knee
The American Journal of Sports Medicine

A significant relationship exists between graft size and antibody development after fresh osteochondral allograft transplants in the knee, according to data.

Researchers conducted a retrospective comparison of 33 antibody-positive patients after fresh, non-tissue-matched osteochondral allograft with an age-, sex- and body mass index-matched group of 34 antibody-negative patients. Mean patient age was 38.1 years. Average follow-up time was 50.3 months.

Graft areas were differentiated as small (< 5 cm2), medium (5-10 cm2) or large (> 10 cm2). Graft survival and Knee Society (KS) functional scores were used to determine clinical outcome.
Among the 27 patients with a large graft area, 19 (70 percent) had positive antibody screens postoperatively; con-trastingly, one of 16 (6 percent) small graft area patients had positive antibody screens.

Mean postoperative KS score in surviving antibody-positive patients was 88.3, and 84.6 in antibody-negative patients. Graft survival rates were 64 percent and 79 percent, respectively.

Adolescent ACL Repair May Lead to Risk of New Injuries
The American Journal of Sports Medicine

Adolescents who underwent surgical reconstruction for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury were more likely to experience new instances of pain or swelling than those treated non-surgically, according to a study.

Researchers retrospectively reviewed 71 patients, which included females aged 12 years old or younger and males aged 14 years old or younger who were evaluated for an ACL injury.

Each patient’s electronic health records were reviewed for symptoms related to the injured knee. Instances were considered significant if new pain or swelling was reported.

Forty-seven (66.2 percent) patients underwent ACL reconstruction at study conclusion, whereas 24 (33.8 percent) were treated nonoperatively. Patients who underwent ACL reconstruction had an average of 4.6 instances of new pain or swelling. No significant link between time to surgery and meniscal/cartilage injury was observed. However, a positive association was uncovered between patients with five or more such instances and the likelihood of a combined cartilage and meniscal injury (P = .01), according to the study.

Preserved Joint Spaces Improve Outcomes After Hip Arthroscopic Surgery for FAI
The American Journal of Sports Medicine

Patients with preserved joint spaces experienced significantly better outcomes and activity levels after undergoing hip arthroscopic surgery for femoroacetabular impingement, according to study results.

Researchers analyzed prospectively collected data for 559 patients who underwent hip arthroscopic surgery for femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). Radiographic measurements were collected, and hips were classified as having preserved or limited joint space. WOMAC, modified Harris Hip Score (MHHS), Hip Out-come Score (HOS) for activities of daily living and sports and SF-12 were included as outcome measures.

Eighty-six percent of patients with limited joint spaces converted to THA vs. 16 percent of patients with preserved joint spaces. Among patients with preserved joint spaces, the mean survival time was 88 months vs. 40 months among patients with limited joint spaces, according to the study results.

At a mean 73 months postoperatively, complete follow-up outcome data were available for 323 patients. Overall, the researchers found significantly better mean postoperative HOS for activities of daily living (P=.012) and sports (P=.003) in patients with preserved joint spaces.